NBC, Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Preparedness, Info Page -- Potassium Iodide, ThyroShield, IOSTAT Tablets, Autoclaves, Dry Steam Sterilizers, All American

NBC -- Nuclear, Chemical, Biological Preparedness, Potassium Iodide, ThyroShield Liquid, IOSTAT Tablets, RadDetect PRD 1250 -- Radiation Detector, Autoclave Sterilization System, Dry Steam Sterilizer, Electric and Non-Electric Autoclaves Information Pages!

Made in the U.S.A.
FDA approved in 1982
14 130mg (KI) tablets per pack (small "baby-aspirin" sized)
Individually foil sealed for single unit storage and dosing
14 day protection for adult (1 tablet each day of exposure)
28+ day protection for child (double-scored for exact dosing)
View Iosat Consumer Package Insert
One pack per person recommended by FDA
No prescription required - OTC
FDA Expiration date: February 2014

Potassium Iodide -- 14 day Adult coverage at 130 mg/day. Protects your thyroid from Radioactive Iodine, resulting from a bomb going off and the resulting clouds passing over your area. This Radioactive Iodine looses it's half life every 8 days. You would need to protect your thyroid from the radioactive iodine for the days of exposure. By taking the tablets you saturate your thyroid with iodine, therefore it should not pick up any more iodine since it is "full". Dosages may be reduced for children, by cutting each scored tablet in half. The tablets are scored horizontally and vertically. Therefore you may even quarter a tablet easily for babies or small pets. Start dosage a day or two before exposure if possible. Dosage Recommendations, below:

Age 18+* -----------130mg daily (One IOSAT tablet)
Age 3 - 18 -----------65mg daily (1/2 IOSAT tablet) - Adolescents approaching adult size should receive the full adult dose (130 mg).
1 month - 3 yrs. ----- 32mg daily (1/4 IOSAT tablet)
Birth - 1 month ----- 16mg daily (1/8 IOSAT tablet)

Made in the U.S.A.
FDA approved in 2005
30ml Liquid Potassium Iodide w/ dropper
Black Raspberry flavored for easy child dosing
15 day protection for adult
30+ day protection for child
View ThyroShield Consumer Package Insert
One bottle per person recommended by FDA
No prescription required - OTC
FDA Expiration date: August 2010

ThyroShield Dosage -- FDA Approved Potassium Iodide Blocks the thyroid's absorption of cancer-causing radioactive iodine released from a nuclear reactor or nuclear bomb. Fruit flavored liquid for kids! Purchase Here!

Originally developed for military use, our key fob personal radiation detector provides you with the crucial information you need to avoid a dirty bomb or dangerous radioactive isotope. Crucial information that could save you, your family, your neighborhood and friends from exposure to hazardous radiation.

The RadDetect Personal Radiation Detector monitors 24/7 for high radiation levels. Readings are reported in real-time by a blinking red LED and loud beeping when radiation levels are rising and falling. Through this real-time reporting, and the unique Directional Sensor ™, you can quickly seek a safer place to wait until authorities can remove the radioactive source and decontaminate the affected area.

Purchase RadDetect PRD 1250 HERE!

Features of the RadDetect PRD 1250

Durable. Passed EMP immunity and exceeds the MIL-STD-461D specs.

The RadDetect Personal Radiation Detector is tested with a Marx Bank Generator and Voltage Gradient Tests up to 145 KeV with total immunity.

Unique. Dual Mode Detection: Auto-alert with Directional Feature and Diagnostic Alert exposure-level analysis.

Simple. Instantly reports (less than a second) with audible and visual alerts when radiation levels are rising and falling.

Fast. Repetitive monitoring alerts you to dangerous radiation in fractions of a second, not minutes like other keychain-style personal radiation detectors.

Solid State - Replaces older CDS cell technology found in other keychain-style detectors (such as the Nukalert) with a high-grade photodiode /scintillator w/linear photodetector & direct conversion. This eliminates temperature sensitivity induced false-alarms and slow 3-5 minute low-level reaction time found in other keychain-style detectors (such as the Nukalert). This new technology adds the capability of detecting Beta radiation such as strontium-90 (possibly in a dirty bomb) and radioactive iodine (I-131) emitted from a nuclear reactor accident or fallout from a nuclear bomb.

Real-world application.
Dirty Bomb - Detects Cesium-137, Iridium-192, Thallium, Cobalt-60, Strontium-90. The ONLY keychain-style personal radiation detector that detects Beta radiation, which includes Strontium-90, a grave concern for dirty bombs (see below).
Nuclear Reactor Accident or Nuclear Bomb Fallout - Detects both high energy Gamma and Beta radiation from released from a nuclear accident/attack. With the presence of I-131, emergency heath officials may call for the administration of potassium iodide.
Wide alarm range - 75mR/hr to 2000R/hr. (Other keychain-style detectors (such as the Nukalert) detect only 100mR/hr to 50R/hr.)
Affordable. Low retail cost compared to other commercially available units with less features.
Aesthetically pleasing. Small, rugged, lightweight, discrete.
1-year Warranty. 100% Parts and Labor warranty.

Updated! RadDetect ™ vs Nukalert ™ Comparison Chart
How does the RadDetect™ work?
RadDetect™ PRD 1250 Datasheet
RadDetect™ PRD 1250 User Guide
RadDetect™ Frequently Asked Questions

Types of Radiation -- Definitions:

Beta and Gamma Radiation: "...cesium-137 is of particular concern because it is a potential component of a conventional explosive device (a “dirty bomb”) containing radioactive material." - FDA "Dirty Bomb" treatment document

Beta Radiation: "...the Bush administration's consensus view was that Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda terrorist network probably had such often-stolen radioactive contaminants as strontium 90 [Beta radiation] and cesium 137 [Gamma radiation], which could be used to make a dirty bomb." - Terrorism Q&A, Council on Foreign Relations

Gamma Radiation: "Thallium-201 has also been mentioned as a potential component of a dirty bomb." - FDA Dept of Health and Human Services (PDF file)

"A variety of radioactive materials are commonly available and could be used in an RDD [Radiological Dispersal Device, a.k.a. Dirty Bomb], including Cesium-137, Strontium-90, and Cobalt-60." - CIA report: Terrorist CBRN: Materials and Effects

Frequently Asked Questions

What is radioactive iodine?
What is Potassium Iodine?
Will potassium iodide radiation tablets protect me against a "dirty bomb"?
How do I know if there is radiation in my area?
Do I need a prescription?
What about FDA Approval?
What about other Potassium Iodide (KI) products? Or Potassium IodATE?
How much should I buy?
Can I give it to my child easily?
What is the dosage?
When should I take it? When should I stop?
Is it safe? Who should and shouldn't take it?
Can I give it to my pets?
What is the shelf life?
What do the experts say about potassium iodide?

What is radioactive iodine?

One of the most feared consequences of a nuclear reactor accident or nuclear bomb is the release of a radioactive iodine plume into the environment. Radioactive Iodine (I-131) is a by-product of nuclear fission which occurs only within a nuclear reactor or during detonation of a nuclear bomb. What makes radioactive iodine so dangerous is that the body cannot distinguish it from ordinary iodine. As a result, if swallowed (in contaminated food or water), or inhaled (it can remain in the atmosphere for days), it will be absorbed into the thyroid gland (only the thyroid absorbs iodine) and may lead to thyroid cancer, especially in children. The value of Potassium Iodide (KI) tablets were demonstrated following the Chernobyl nuclear accident, where authorities began mass distribution of Potassium Iodide just hours after the explosion. In the years following the accident in areas where people received the drug, the incidence of thyroid cancer has not increased. But where Potassium Iodide was not distributed, previously rare forms of juvenile thyroid cancer have begun appearing at epidemic rates, with over 11,000 known cases. This number continues to rise and is not expected to peak until 2010.

What is Potassium Iodide? (chemical abbreviation is KI)

Potassium Iodide (KI) is used by health officials worldwide to prevent thyroid cancer in people who are exposed to radioactive iodides caused by nuclear reactor accidents and nuclear bombs. It protects against radioactive iodine by preventing its absorption by the thyroid gland located in the neck. Thyroid cells are unique among all cells of the human body as they are the only cells which have the ability to absorb Iodine. The thyroid gland absorbs it from the bloodstream and concentrates it inside the cell to produce hormones. For radiation that is not immediately lethal, the thyroid is your body's most sensitive organ to the effects of radiation. The Radioactive Iodine is absorbed by the thyroid and can cause thyroid disease and cancer later on. Sometimes it only takes a short time if the victim is a child because a child’s thyroid is very active in helping the child to grow. FDA Approved IOSAT and ThyroShield saturates the thyroid with stable iodine, shutting off its absorption mechanism, and it will remain off long enough for the radioactive iodine that you inhaled or ingested to be safely disbursed through the kidneys. IOSAT KI is the only FDA-approved full strength thyroid blocking tablet available to the public. ThyroShield is the only liquid Potassium Iodide approved by the FDA.

Will potassium iodide radiation tablets protect me against a "dirty bomb"?

A "dirty bomb" is a conventional explosive, such as dynamite, salted with radioactive waste that scatters when the bomb goes off. The bomb can kill or injure through the initial blast of the conventional explosive and possibly through the dispersal of the radioactive materials-- hence the term "dirty." Such bombs could be small devices or as big as a truck bomb. There are four categories of radioactive waste ranging from very low-level waste that can be safely disposed of with ordinary refuse, to high-level waste such as spent nuclear fuel. Substantial amounts of radioactive waste are generated through civilian and military applications of radionuclides in medical facilities, food irradiation plants, chemical and manufacturing plants, etc. Some types of radioactive waste would be easier to obtain than others in order to make a "dirty bomb". Radiation detectors are needed to alert officials of their presence. One particular pocket-size radiation detector has the technology to detect Gamma, X-ray and Beta radiation. This includes the ability to detect radioactive iodine, of which Potassium Iodide protects against and would most likely not be present in a dirty bomb due to the fact that it is a byproduct of nuclear fission which takes place only within nuclear reactors and during the detonation of a nuclear bomb. Obviously this type of 'radioactive waste' would be very difficult to obtain and incorporate in the makings of a dirty bomb. If a dirty bomb detonates in your area, follow the instructions of local health officials concerning evacuation, decontamination and the administering of potassium iodide (though unlikely).

How do I know if there is radiation in my area?

By using a radiation detector, emergency officials, such as FEMA, can monitor the environment for detectable levels of radiation. One would hope that they are in your area with their equipment as quick as possible and that they report this information to the public immediately. Of course, they cannot follow you and your family around with their detectors and tell you if you specifically have retreated to a safe environment away from the radiation. A back-up to the reliance on emergency officials, such as FEMA, would be the possession of a personal radiation detector to alert you to harmful levels of gamma, beta, fast-neutron and x-ray radiation.

Because of the inherent safety of Potassium Iodide, it is available without a prescription for radiation protection. Its use, however, should be limited to radiation emergencies and only when recommended by emergency response authorities.

What about FDA Approval?

IOSAT Potassium Iodide is the only full strength brand tested and approved by the FDA for radiation emergencies. ThyroShield is the only liquid Potassium Iodide approved by the FDA. Ask yourself - If you had cancer and could take a drug that would cure it, would you take an FDA regulated and approved drug, or a non-approved drug? Then ask - If you could take a pill to possibly prevent cancer would you take an FDA Approved drug or a non-approved drug? Rad Block™, Life-Extension (LEF), No-rad and Potassium IodATE (different spelling, different drug) are not FDA Approved for radiation emergencies.
The 1997 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act states that: "No person shall introduce or deliver for introduction into interstate commerce any new drug, unless an approval filed pursuant to subsection (b) or (j) of this section is effective with respect to said drug".

What about other Potassium Iodide (KI) products? Or Potassium IodATE? Are they FDA approved?

Rad Block, No-Rad, LifeExtension (LEF), KI4U, NukeProtect, ProKI and KIO3 Potassium IodATE (different spelling, different drug) are not FDA Approved for radiation emergencies. The FDA has sent cease and desist letters to some of these manufacturers who recommend their product for radiation emergencies. Other products (like Rad Block) state they are manufactured in an "FDA licensed and approved over-the-counter (OTC) drug manufacturing facility". Well, the facility might be FDA licensed but their Potassium Iodide is not mandated under strict FDA “GMP guidelines,” nor do they hold an approved “New Drug Application” (NDA) for KI (Potassium Iodide). The incoming raw materials and outgoing Potassium Iodide pills are not approved by the FDA. (During a nuclear emergency would you want to give your family a non-FDA-approved drug that cost more?)

But they say they were registered with the FDA and have a National Drug Code (NDC) number to prove it! The NDC serves as a universal product identifier for human drugs. An NDC number does not indicate that a drug is FDA approved. FDA’s regulation at 21 C.F.R.207.39 specifically states that: "registration of a drug establishment or drug wholesaler, or assignment of a registration number, or assignment of a NDC number does not in any way denote approval of the firm or its products. Any representation that creates an impression of official approval because of registration or possession of registration number or NDC number is misleading and constitutes misbranding". Instead, drug approval involves a completely different process, which includes the submission by a manufacturer of a new drug application (NDA) or an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA), which FDA then may approve - International Academy of Compounding Pharmacists.

How much should I buy?

We recommended one IOSAT Pack or one ThyroShield Bottle per person for storing at home. Each Iosat pack has 14, 130mg tablets. A two week supply for an adult and a 28+ day supply for a child. One ThyroShield bottle has 30ml, a 15 day supply for an adult or month+ supply for a child. However, you should consider stocking Potassium Iodide outside the home as well. You wouldn't want to get caught without Potassium Iodide if something should happen. Can you imagine the traffic jam as everyone leaves town at the same time?

Can I give it to my child easily?

A whole IOSAT pill is the size of a baby aspirin and is scored for easy and exact separation for half and quarter dosages if desired. For children who won't swallow pills, follow this FDA link on administering potassium iodide to children. Black raspberry flavored liquid ThyroShield is easy to administer to children with the use of the enclosed dropper.

On December 10, 2001 the FDA released a guidance on potassium iodide. The guidance issued is not just for the 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone, but for any and all areas potentially affected. Close in, there may not be time to deal with fractional dosage of Potassium Iodide (see below). The guidance acknowledges that strict adherence to the age-related dosing guidelines may be difficult to achieve and, therefore, emphasizes that across populations at risk for radio iodine exposure, the overall benefits of potassium iodide far exceed the risks of overdosing, especially in children, though particular attention should be paid to dose and duration of treatment in infants and in pregnant women.

IOSAT Dosing Iosat Consumer Package Insert

One dose every 24 hours. Take one dose as soon as possible and then every 24 hours at the same time each day. Take potassium iodide only when exposed to radioactive iodine as notified by state or local public health officials. Pills are double-scored for easy separation is desired. Follow this FDA Guideline for administering to young children if desired.

Age 18+* -----------130mg daily (One IOSAT tablet)
Age 3 - 18 -----------65mg daily (1/2 IOSAT tablet) - Adolescents approaching adult size should receive the full adult dose (130 mg).
1 month - 3 yrs. ----- 32mg daily (1/4 IOSAT tablet)
Birth - 1 month ----- 16mg daily (1/8 IOSAT tablet)

When should I take it? When should I stop?

For optimal protection against inhaled radioiodines, Potassium Iodide should be administered before the passage of the radioactive iodine plume, though Potassium Iodide may still have a substantial protective effect even if taken 3 or 4 hours after exposure. Take one dose as soon as possible and then every 24 hours at the same time each day. Take potassium iodide only when exposed to radioactive iodine as notified by state or local public health officials. Furthermore, if the release of radioiodines into the atmosphere is protracted, then, of course, even delayed administration may reap benefits by reducing, if incompletely, the total radiation dose to the thyroid. As time is of the essence in optimal prophylaxis with Potassium Iodide, timely administration to the public is a critical consideration in planning the emergency response to a radiation accident and requires a ready supply of Potassium Iodide. Potassium Iodide has no impact on the uptake by the body of other radioactive materials and provides no protection against external irradiation of any kind. FDA emphasizes that the use of Potassium Iodide should be as an adjunct to evacuation (itself not always feasible), sheltering, and control of food stuffs.

Is it safe? Who should and shouldn't take it?

Potassium iodide is extremely safe in the dosage provided by IOSAT and ThyroShield. Because it is widely used in other treatments, its effects are well known. Calculations by the National Council on Radiation Protection suggest that the incidence of adverse reactions to Potassium Iodide can be as low as 1 in 10 million, and often no more than a mild skin rash. In the 1930s the government required salt manufacturers to add Potassium Iodide to its table salt (like Morton salt) because people in the great lakes region had iodine-deficient diets and had a high rate of goiters and other thyroid problems. Potassium Iodide is also added to children's Flintstone vitamins because it is an essential mineral. It has also been used as a children's expectorant for years.

Repeat dosing of Potassium Iodide should be avoided in the neonate to minimize the risk of hypothyroidism during that critical phase of brain development. As stated above, we recommend that neonates (within the first month of life) treated with Potassium Iodide be monitored for the potential development of hypothyroidism and that thyroid hormone therapy be instituted in cases in which hypothyroidism develops. Pregnant women should be given Potassium Iodide for their own protection and for that of the fetus, as iodine (whether stable or radioactive) readily crosses the placenta. However, because of the risk of blocking fetal thyroid function with excess stable iodine, repeat dosing with Potassium Iodide of pregnant women should be avoided. Lactating females should be administered Potassium Iodide for their own protection, as for other young adults, and potentially to reduce the radioiodine content of the breast milk, but not as a means to deliver Potassium Iodide to infants, who should get their Potassium Iodide directly. As for direct administration of Potassium Iodide, stable iodine as a component of breast milk may also pose a risk of hypothyroidism in nursing neonates. Therefore, repeat dosing with Potassium Iodide should be avoided in the lactating mother, except during continuing severe contamination. If repeat dosing of the mother is necessary, the nursing neonate should be monitored as recommended above.

Pregnant women should take it for their own protection and for that of the fetus, as iodine (whether stable or radioactive) readily crosses the placenta. However, because of the risk of blocking fetal thyroid function with excess stable iodine, repeat dosing with Potassium Iodide of pregnant women should be avoided. Lactating females should be take it for their own protection to reduce the radioiodine content of the breast milk, but not as a means to deliver Potassium Iodide to infants, who should get their Potassium Iodide directly.

From the FDA - "Short-term administration of KI (Potassium Iodide) at thyroid blocking doses is safe and, in general, more so in children than adults. The risks of stable iodine administration include sialadenitis (an inflammation of the salivary gland, of which no cases were reported in Poland among users after the Chernobyl accident), gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions and minor rashes. In addition, persons with known iodine sensitivity should avoid KI, as should individuals with dermatitis herpetiformis and hypocomplementemic vasculitis, extremely rare conditions associated with an increased risk of iodine hypersensitivity. Thyroidal side effects of stable iodine include iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, which is more common in older people and in iodine deficient areas but usually requires repeated doses of stable iodine. In addition, iodide goiter and hypothyroidism are potential side effects more common in iodine sufficient areas, but they require chronic high doses of stable iodine. In light of the preceding, individuals with multinodular goiter, Graves' disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis should be treated with caution, especially if dosing extends beyond a few days. The vast majority of such individuals will be adults. The transient hypothyroidism observed in 0.37 percent (12 of 3214) of neonates treated with KI in Poland after Chernobyl has been without reported sequelae to date. There is no question that the benefits of KI treatment to reduce the risk of thyroid cancer outweigh the risks of such treatment in neonates. Nevertheless, in light of the potential consequences of even transient hypothyroidism for intellectual development, we recommend that neonates (within the first month of life) treated with KI be monitored for this effect by measurement of TSH (and FT4, if indicated) and that thyroid hormone therapy be instituted in cases in which hypothyroidism develops".

Can I give it to my pets?

There have been no studies concerning animals and the administration of Potassium Iodide for radiation emergencies. Like humans, animals do not normally have any allergic reaction to limited doses of Potassium Iodide. For animals with no known iodine allergies (ask your vet) it is a relatively safe drug. If you wish to administer potassium iodide to your pet, follow the Iosat dosing chart amounts listed above in the "What is the dosage?" info and give the appropriate dosage based upon weight. For instance, the dosage for a 2-year-old child would be 32mg (1/4 tablet). If an average 2-year-old weighs 25 -30 lbs., a dog weighing the same would take the same dosage, 32mg (1/4 tablet). If a 2-week-old infant weighs on average 9 lbs., then you would give a 9 pound cat/dog 16mg (1/8 tablet). Crush it up and put it in their food. Please consult with a vet in advance to make sure your pet can safely take Potassium Iodide.
Note: Iodine is found in table salt, fish oil, kelp, daily vitamins, etc.)

What is the shelf life?

7 year shelf-life from date of manufacture for IOSAT.
5 year shelf-life from date of manufacture for ThyroShield.

What do the experts say about potassium iodide?

Many authorities on radiation exposure and thyroid cancer have made statements about the benefits of Potassium Iodide following a nuclear accident.
American Academy of Pediatrics

April 3, 2003 News Release - "The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that households within 10 miles of a nuclear power plant keep potassium iodide (KI) on hand to protect the thyroid in the event of an accidental or intentional release of radioactive iodines ("radioiodines") into the environment. Schools and child care facilities within the same radius also should have immediate access to KI. It may be prudent to consider stockpiling KI within a larger radius because of more distant windborne fallout".

Dept of Homeland Security - Ready.gov

"Consider keeping potassium iodide in your emergency kit, learn what the appropriate doses are for each of your family members".

FEMA - Nuclear Power Plant Preparedness Document

"The thyroid gland is vulnerable to the uptake of radioactive iodine. If a radiological release occurs at a nuclear power plant, States may decide to provide the public with a stable iodine, potassium iodide, which saturates the thyroid and protects it from the uptake of radioactive iodine. Such a protective action is at the option of State, and in some cases, local government".

FDA

In December 2001, the Food and Drug Administration released their final guidance on Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies. Quote - "FDA maintains that KI is a safe and effective means by which to prevent radioiodine uptake by the thyroid gland, under certain specified conditions of use, and thereby obviate the risk of thyroid cancer in the event of a radiation emergency". FDA December 2001

World Health Organization

In 1999 the World Health Organization (WHO) updated their Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis Following Nuclear Accidents. Quote - "Stable iodine administered before, or promptly after, intake of raddioactive iodine can block or reduce the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid. Intake of radioactive iodine by inhalation begins when the radioactive cloud arrives at a location and continues during the passage of the cloud. Action to implement stable iodine prophylaxis, and thereby reduce the dose to the thyroid, will be required promptly". WHO 1999

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

"The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is amending its emergency planning regulations governing the domestic licensing of production and utilization facilities. The final rule requires that consideration be given to including potassium iodide (KI) as a protective measure for the general public that would supplement sheltering and evacuation. KI would help prevent thyroid cancers in the unlikely event of a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power plant". - NRC January 2001

"At last count, some 1,800 children in the former Soviet Union have developed thyroid cancer as a result of the [Chernobyl] accident. Almost all were very young-in the womb or under 2 years old-at the time of exposure. In adults, thyroid cancer is usually slow-growing, but in the Chernobyl children, it has proved to be aggressive. In more than two-thirds of cases, the malignancy has spread beyond the thyroid by the time of surgery. The disease has a long latency period, so thousands more cases are expected in coming decades". - in a letter from Peter G. Crane, former attorney for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

The American Thyroid Association

In November 2001, The American Thyroid Association endorsed the usage of Potassium Iodide for Radiation Emergencies. "The American Thyroid Association endorses the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission's December 2000 action requiring states and the Federal Emergency Management Agency to look into having potassium iodide (KI) stockpiled and available for populations at risk for exposure to radioactive iodine from a nuclear emergency." - ATA November 30, 2001

"A radius of 20 miles [KI distribution around nuclear plants] is required by the Bioterrorism Act of 2002 (P.L.107-188) but this is much too restricted in light of the Chernobyl experience". - In response to the National Academy of Sciences Study of Strategies for KI Distribution and Administration.

"...both an expert committee of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Thyroid Association endorse the use of KI and have confidence in its safety..." - Letter from ATA President to Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C.

"The seminal event that opened the world’s eyes to the importance of KI distribution was the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident, releasing a fallout cloud that spread radioactive iodine and other radionuclides throughout eastern and central Europe. Starting a few years later, infants and children who had been exposed to the fallout were diagnosed with an unusual and aggressive form of thyroid cancer, except in Poland where the government had distributed KI pills". From an ATA news summary titled, Experts Discuss Potassium Iodide Distribution in Case of Nuclear Incident (PDF document)

Public Citizen

Public Citizen is a national, nonprofit consumer advocacy organization founded in 1971 to represent consumer interests in congress, the executive branch and the courts. Their website covers are aspects of consumer protection including their statement on The NRC's Failure to Stockpile Potassium Iodide & Protect the Public Health and Safety. "For over 25 years, the use of blocking agents such as potassium iodide to prevent the accumulation of radioiodine in the thyroid gland has been known. The effectiveness of potassium iodide administration for thyroid gland protection in the event of releases of radioiodine was recognized by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement in 1977. The Food and Drug Administration authorized use of potassium iodide as a thyroid-blocking agent for the general public in December 1978." - Public Citizen 2001

Union of Concerned Scientists

The Union of Concerned Scientists is a nonprofit partnership of scientists and citizens combining rigorous scientific analysis, innovative policy development and effective citizen advocacy to achieve practical environmental solutions. Read their release entitled, "Precaution for Nuclear Accident a Stitch in Time That Saves Way More Than Nine". Quote - "A January decision is expected by the Commissioner of Public Health for the State of Massachusetts on whether to recommend that potassium iodide be stockpiled to protect public health in event of an accident at a nuclear facility. The Union of Concerned Scientists joins many others from the environmental and medical communities in urging the Commissioner, Dr. Howard Koh, to recommend this crucial precaution." - Union of Concerned Scientists December 22, 1999

Questions About RadDetect:

Why would I need a RadDetect Personal Radiation Detector? The effects of Hurricane Katrina have proven that self-reliance is a necessity for survival of a disaster. In the event of a dirty bomb attack, nuclear reactor accident/attack or nuclear/suitcase bomb detonation, prompt detection of radiation levels in your area by emergency officials, such as FEMA, is of utmost importance. One would hope that they are in your area with their equipment as quick as possible and that they report this information to the public immediately. Of course, they cannot follow you and your family around with their detectors and tell you if you specifically have retreated to a safe environment away from the radiation. A back-up to the reliance on emergency officials, such as FEMA, would be the possession of a personal radiation detector to alert you to harmful levels of gamma, beta, fast-neutron and x-ray radiation.

How does the RadDetect Radiation Detector work?
A dual-mode sensor. Direct Conversion and High-grade scintillator w/linear photodetector (indirect).
Direct Conversion - When a radioactive photon strikes a depletion region created by reverse bias on the photodiode, it produces a small amount of charge in proportion to the photon's energy. The resulting signal is then amplified and processed by the CPU in the RadDetect™. (Detectors that convert incoming radiation directly into the electrical signal are called direct conversion type detectors)
Indirect Conversion - Incoming radiation is converted by a scintillator material in our indirect conversion type detector, where the radiation energy is first converted into the visible light. The visible light is then captured by the photodiode and converted to an electric signal. The resulting signal is then amplified and processed by the CPU in the RadDetect™.

What types of radiation will it detect?
Exposure to gamma, beta, fast-neutron or x-ray radiation of 75 milliRoentgens per hour (mR/hr) is sufficient to trigger the low-level auto-alert. This includes Strontium 90, Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60, commonly available radioactive materials likely used in a dirty bomb (also called a radiological bomb). It will also detect radioactive iodine released from a nuclear reactor accident or fallout from a nuclear bomb.

So it detects Beta radiation?
Yes. And of course, this is required for detecting Strontium 90 (possible dirty bomb radiation) and detecting beta emitters from radioactive iodine (I-131) from a nuclear reactor or nuclear bomb. The RadDetect is the only commercially available keychain-style personal radiation detector that detects Beta radiation.

Will it tell me what type of radiation I am being exposed to?
Though the RadDetect™ detects gamma, beta, fast-neutron and x-ray radiation, it alerts you only to the presence of radiation, not the specific type of radiation.

How many levels of detection does the RadDetect have?
256 detection levels - Beeping and flashing of the auto-alert occurs at 256 varying rates of speed (similar to a Geiger counter or metal detector). This level of instant preciseness makes the directional feature very easy to use. Watch Demo video #1. PLUS - Pressing the gray diagnostic button allows for additional instant analysis of exposure level (low - mid - high). See question #26 for more info on the gray diagnostic button.

If the RadDetect instantly alerts me to radiation, what do I do next?
Use the unit's directional feature to escape to a safe area: An unmatched benefit of the real-time auto-alert capability of the RadDetect™ is that by holding the unit vertically - with the gray diagnostic button facing you - and slowly turning in a circle, you are able to monitor the real-time increasing/decreasing auto-alert rate (as described above), allowing you to determine the direction from which the radiation is coming. This allows you to move in the other direction away from the radioactive source. It will instantly cease alerting when your radiation exposure reaches a safe level. This feature is possible because the microprocessor samples the air 32,768 times a second and gives you instant feedback of the current radiation levels.

Will the RadDetect tell me from which direction the radioactive source is coming?
Yes. It has a directional feature which will guide you away from the radioactive source.

Will it detect a dirty bomb before it detonates?
Yes, if the dirty bomb (a.k.a. radiological bomb) is emitting detectable levels of Beta or Gamma radiation (of which it likely would). Of course, the RadDetect would have to be in the vicinity of the dirty bomb to detect the radiation.

What is the detection range?
75mR/hr - 2000R/hr (0.75mSv/hr - 20Sv/hr). This is far greater than other personal radiation detectors.

Are there any devices or appliances that it should be kept away from to prevent damage to the device?
No. The RadDetect cannot be damaged by other devices.

Does it detect EMP (electromagnetic pulse) from power lines or microwaves?
No. The RadDetect detects radiation, not electromagnetic pulses.

What is its size and weight?
3" x 1.25" and less than an ounce. About the same size and weight as a car's alarm key fob (the keychain unit that unlocks/locks your vehicle's door).

Can I attach it to anything besides a key chain?
Yes. You can attach it to a purse, backpack, laptop case, etc. Use of a carabineer is good for this application. (Found out Wal-Mart, Target, etc.)

Can I test the unit myself?
The unit cannot be tested with any home source. While the RadDetect was specifically designed to only detect natural radioactive sources, it has been configured to report the existence of low-energy x-rays from a dental or veterinarian X-ray machine for demonstration purposes. The X-ray machine must be able to provide continuous rays for more than 1 second. Most modern X-ray machines are configured to be operated for only a fraction of a second, quite possibly a millisecond, so you must manually select a long duration (i.e.: 3 seconds): The RadDetect should be placed as close as possible to the output of the head because most X-ray machines are pulsed. The RadDetect's alarms will trigger soon after the X-ray source is turned on and will cease as soon as they are turn off or removed. Testing should only be done by a person trained to use X-ray machines and we accepts no responsibility for anyone who attempts to test their RadDetect with a radioactive source.

Will the RadDetect give false alarms due to temperature changes and static electricity like other keychain detectors?
No, it won't sound a false alarm. The RadDetect uses the most recent innovations in radiation detection technology and does not use older CDS cell technology like some other commercially available units.

Will the RadDetect function after being subjected to an EMP (electromagnetic pulse)?
The RadDetect has been tested and will function like any other small electronic device after being subjected to ground-level EMP and High-altitude EMP (HEMP). The RadDetect was tested with both a Marx Bank Generator and Voltage Gradient Tests up to 145 KeV and exceeds MIL-STD-461D specs. Note: A dirty bomb will not emit an EMP.

How is the RadDetect calibrated?
The RadDetect sensor is tested with a small Cesium source and a DSO to ensure disintegrations are detected. Then, the sensor is subjected to low-energy x-ray radiation to determine the sensitivity to a source that would be moderated (a Beta source in a steel jacket for instance). A program, uploaded to the RadDetect through a programmer's port, then sets the threshold levels in the processor. A programmer's port is absolute necessary to accurately calibrate any detector as moderated radiation is easily blocked/attenuated by thick plastic and many other compounds. The RadDetect is tuned to detect the lowest energy level that most other sensors (calibrated with Cesium) cannot detect.

I stock potassium iodide for radiation emergencies. Does the RadDetect detect radioactive iodine from a nuclear reactor release or fallout from a nuclear bomb?
Radioactive iodine (I-131) emits beta and weak gamma radiation. Because the RadDetect detects both types of radiation, it will detect radioactive iodine from a nuclear reactor release or nuclear bomb. This is the only keychain style radiation detector that will do so.

How about Geiger Counters or civil defense meters. Won't they work just as well?
Geiger Counters max out (report no radioactivity) at rather low levels. These devices are only used by clean-up teams after most of the radioactive fallout has been removed from an area. They are used for final decontamination. Civil Defense Meters are obsolete though they are still being sold by some vendors and still in use in the field today (in some areas). In addition to the lack of linear reporting, these meters' parts are approaching 30 years old - well beyond the component lifetime - are unreliable and have been phased out by most governments - including the U.S.

Who would benefit from the use of the RadDetect™?
Aside from civilian use for personal protection, the RadDetect is designed for: First responders to radioactive threats; Customs and border patrols; Law Enforcement; Security officers in nuclear power facilities, banks, government laboratories, medical facilities; Military; Government agencies;

Is the RadDetect™ a "one time" use device?
No, the RadDetect will continue to function within specifications after being exposed to radiation. The RadDetect contains a real-time alerting mechanism so that its user can find a safe place to move away from the radioactive isotope. Obviously, the unit will not work if it is annihilated by a nuclear blast.

Does the RadDetect™ have an ON/OFF Button?
No, the RadDetect radiation detector cannot be turned off unless you remove the battery. The RadDetect was designed to virtually eliminate any possible human error. If the user approaches a dangerous radioactive isotope, the RadDetect will instantly sound an alarm.

Do you have to press the button to make it work?
No, the RadDetect scans continuously without user intervention.

What is the function of the button on the RadDetect?
If the diagnostic button is quickly pressed and released when the RadDetect is auto-alerting you to the presence of radiation (as described above), the 256 ‘flash and beep’ auto-alert levels will pause momentarily. The red LED light on the front of the RadDetect will then flash at different rates (view chart) to alert you to your current minimal level of radiation exposure measured in Roentgens per hour (R/hr). This LED ‘exposure-level’ alert is flashed each time you press and release the diagnostic button. (No audible alert will be heard). After the release of the button the RadDetect will then revert back to the beeping/flashing auto-alert mode using 256 detection levels.
During normal function (no radiation present) the RadDetect’s functionality can be confirmed by pressing and holding the gray diagnostic button. The microprocessor will illuminate the red LED and will turn it off when the diagnostic button is released. No audible alert will be heard.

What alarm systems does the RadDetect™ have built in?
The RadDetect has a flashing red LED light and a 70 dBa audible alert.

Is it safe to put through airport security systems and X-ray package/vehicle scanning equipment, etc.?
Yes, it is safe. The RadDetect is tuned to ignore, and cannot be damaged by, artificial radioactive sources like package canners and x-ray equipment used by airport security. It can be used around and near scanning equipment without the hassles of false alarms, and without interfering with the scanning equipment.

Can the battery be replaced in the RadDetect™?
The user-replaceable battery is a standard CR2032 lithium coin battery available almost anywhere batteries are sold.

How long does the RadDetect's battery last before replacement is needed?
Due to the RadDetect's unique air sampling of 32,768 times each second (this enables the Directional feature and instant alerting feature), the inexpensive user-replaceable battery should last more than 6 months under normal use.

What happens if I put the battery in the wrong way?
Although care should always be taken when installing batteries in any electronic device, in the case of the RadDetect it has built-in reverse battery polarity protection.

At what temperature range will the RadDetect™ continue to function?
The RadDetect can operate within a temperature range of -22°F to 140°F (-30°C to 60°C).

How can the RadDetect be of assistance to Law Enforcement, Fire/Hazmat & Homeland Security Personnel?
The RadDetect is an always-on personal protection, threat detection device. Though its been called a dirty bomb detector or micro bomb detector, it is not limited to the detection of dirty bombs. There is an increasing concern over "orphan" sources, lost or undocumented sources that could be used for malicious purposes. The RadDetect is always working so an officer will be instantly alerted to the presence of a hazardous source within his/her immediate vicinity that is potentially causing physical harm. This allows the officer the opportunity to assess a situation that may otherwise have been completely unknown, since radiation cannot be seen, smelt, felt, or tasted. Fire/Hazmat personnel can also feel safe that they will be warned if walking into an unmarked radioactive area while in the process of their normal duties.

Can the RadDetect be used inside a moving vehicle?
Yes, the RadDetect works well inside vehicles. The detection sensitivity of the RadDetect inside a moving vehicle depends on two key factors: The amount of shielding, and the speed at which the source is moving relative to the RadDetect.

How durable is the RadDetect?
The RadDetect is water resistant (but you should not submerse it in water), has an outer shell of high-impact ABS, and can withstand an electro-magnetic pulse (EMP) of 145Kev. It should handle most weather conditions its user would experience.

Will the RadDetect ignite a dirty bomb?
Absolutely not. Unlike some other radiation detection equipment, our bomb detectors do not internally generate high voltages for their sensors. The maximum potential inside the RadDetect is 3V, and it draws less than 100uA most of the time. It does not create any sparks or RF (radio frequencies) that could ignite a bomb.

How fast do the sensors react?
Monitors 24/7 and instantly reports (less than a second) when radiation levels are rising and falling so you know when you are in a safe area.

Where is the RadDetect manufactured?
Parts are manufactured in the U.S. and Canada. Final individual testing and calibration is in Canada.

RadDetect Warranty: What is the warranty on the RadDetect?
1 year limited warranty. Parts and labor.
What does the warranty not cover?
The limited warranty shall not extend to water damage or damage caused or occasioned by exposure of the product to a corrosive environment. Nor shall this warranty extend to physical damage caused by misuse, abuse, or service by anyone other than the manufacturer’s authorized representative, or damaged due to accident or act of God.

How can the RadDetect be calibrated to react to a dental x-ray machine, but not react to an x-ray machine at the airport baggage screening?
The airport x-ray screening machines use very short duration pulses and rely on luminescent screens to "hold" the image. This is how film is not destroyed or damaged by airport screening machines but would be destroyed if exposed to a dental unit. A dental x-ray machine is a continuous x-ray generator (at 60Hz) for a specific duration depending on what is being photographed. Even with this method, the RadDetect must be very close to the machine and must be turned on for at least 2 seconds.

Can I silence the alarm during an on-going radiation emergency?
If you are in a constant state of radiation exposure and wish to silence the alert, just open the housing and remove the battery. The included manual will instruct you how to easily open the unit.

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ALL-AMERICAN STEAM STERILIZER FEATURES:

·        UL Approved.

·       Heavy Cast Aluminum Cover and Bottom Construction with Double Thickness Edges for added protection on points of heaviest wear

·        Smooth Easy to Clean Polished Finish

·        Aluminum Inner Container & Rack

·        Flexible Metal Capillary Air Exhaust Tube

·        Dial Gauge & Control Valve

·        Metal-to-Metal Seal [No Rubber Gaskets]

·        Large Sterilizing Capacity

·        Complete, effective sterilization at the lowest possible cost

PRESSURE GAUGE ACCURACY

The Pressure Gauge is rated with an accuracy of 3%-2%-3 %. This designates Plus or Minus [+/-] 3% of the full span for the first and last quarter of the dial, and 2% for the middle 50% of the dial.

More specifically, this Gauge Rating conforms to the Pressure Gauge Standard ANSI B40-1-1980, entitled “Gauges-Pressure, Indicating Dial, Type-Elastic Element” and covers every aspect of Pressure Gauge Manufacture & Use. The gauge is considered “Accuracy Grade B” in accordance with this specification.

The need for Infection Control has never been greater. Controlling Microbial Contamination is the most essential component of an Infection Control Program. Proper instrument sterilization protects the patient and the health care professional from Cross-Infection and Disease.

Our Metal-to-Metal Seal eliminates all rubber gaskets. Because no gasket is involved, the cover is always easily opened and closed.

As one of the Safety Features, clamping locks prevent removal of the cover while there is pressure present. An Accurate Pressure Gauge, Pressure Control Valve, Over-Pressure Safety Plug and cool Bakelite Handles and Wing Nuts are all thoroughly tested features to assure safe operation with a minimum of attention.

PORTABLE – ECONOMICAL – RELIABLE OPERATION

Compact and Portable All-American Steam Sterilizers will quickly recoup their economical cost in the saving of time alone. There are no additional supplies to purchase, nor are there any maintenance costs other than the energy consumed. The sterilizers are made of High-Quality Cast Aluminum Alloy that resists against corrosion, ensuring years of trouble-free operation.

All-American Steam Sterilizers are designed and manufactured with all the proven special features of the famous All-American Pressure Cooker/Canners.

Our Metal-to-Metal Seal eliminates all rubber gaskets. Because no gasket is involved, the cover is always easily opened and closed.

As an Additional Safety Feature, a new type of Excess Pressure Relief Valve is used to release pressure at 26 PSI [+/- 1 PSI]. The valve is equipped with a Deflector Cap that directs any steam released in a downward direction. It is also possible to manually release steam and pressure by pulling the Deflector Cap slightly upwards.

All-American Steam Sterilizers differ from All-American Pressure Cookers in several ways. A stopcock prevents steam from escaping once sterilization temperatures have been achieved [the Pressure Cooker utilizes a weighted vent pipe instead]. This means less monitoring than the Pressure Cooker. These units also feature a Flexible Metal Capillary Air Exhaust Tube and a Removable Solid Insert Basket.

The portability of these sterilizers provides a Complete and Efficient Sterilization Unit at exceptionally low cost, while meeting All Clinical Requirements.

Only a small amount of water is needed to create the Dry Steam. After achieving a Minimum Temperature of 250 F [122 C] and a pressure of 15 PSI, the Dry Steam penetrates the bandages or instruments, making them sterile in 35 minutes and ready for immediate use. No wiping is necessary to remove chemical residue or moisture, and cutting edges are not dulled.

Distilled Water should be used in all Steam Sterilizers. If Distilled Water is not available, municipal water may be used. If the local water supply contains lime or high levels of minerals, the unit will require periodic cleaning to remove and prevent the buildup of scale deposits.

Units should be cleaned when powdery residue begins to form on the bottom of the sterilizer. If the residue has not started forming into hard scale, it can usually be removed by filling the sterilizer with White Vinegar above the standard operating level, letting the solution stand for an hour or so, then draining and thoroughly rinsing the sterilizer.

Autoclaves, Sterilizers Non-Electric: 3 Models

#1915X -- 15 quarts, Ship Wt. 21 lbs. Price:

#1925X -- 25 quarts, Ship Wt. 25 lbs. Price:

#1941X -- 41 quarts, Ship Wt. 43 lbs. Price:

Autoclaves, Sterilizers Electric Models

#25X-120 -- 25 quarts, ship wt. 30 lbs.

#25X-240 -- 25 quarts, ship wt. 30 lbs.

#50X-250 -- 25 quarts, ship wt. 34 lbs.

#50X-240 -- 25 quarts, ship wt. 34 lbs.

#75X-120 -- 41 quarts, ship wt. 51 lbs.

#75X-240 -- 41 quarts, ship wt. 51 lbs.

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